Gas-engine.



C. E. SARGBNT.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.8,1911, 1,072,366, Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2. if?? j G. E. SARGENT.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED rBB.a,1911.

1,072,366. Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

-ZZ 9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

C. E. SARGENT.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED rEB.8,1911.

1,072,366. Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

9 SHBETS-SHEET 4.

.i y W MI5/hf C. E. SARGENT.

` GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION TILBD PEB.a,1911.

1,07%366, Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

C. E.' SARGENT.

GAS ElGl-NA APPMOATION FAILED rEB.,1s1L.

1,072,366. Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

o sHLBTs-snLET 6,

o. E. SARG'ENT.

ms ENGINE.

APLMUATLON IILIJD TEU?) 1911` 1,072,366o Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

G. E. SARGENT.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION l'ILIlD TEIL LM 1011. 1,072,366, Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

C. E, SARGENT. GAS ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED I`IIB.8,1911

Patentd Sept. 2, 1913.

9 'SHEETS-SHEET 9.

CHARLES E. SARGEN'J, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

GAS-ENGINE.

Application filed February B, 1911.

To all whom fit may concern Be it known that l, VCimnnns E. SARonN'r, a citizen ot' the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county ot Cook and State o'f Illinois, have invented a new and useful Imprtwennmt in Gas-Engines, of which the following is a` specification.

My invention relates to certain new and iuset'ul ilntn'ovements in a gas engine, and is fully descrihetil and explainedV in the specilication and shown. in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l a transverse section through my improved engine in the line l of Figs. 2 and '17; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section in the line 9. of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a longitfudinal detailed section on the line 3 o1 Fig. l; Figs. 4, 5, (3 and 7, are radial sections through the valves in tour ditferent ditional parts not illustrated in Fig. 8; Fig. 1

ift i.s.a detailed section showing the eut-out .rod arrangement: Fig. 15 1s a seetion through the outlet-cheek valve ol the dash pot; Fig. lt is asimilar seetionthrough the Inlet-cheek valve oi thedash-pot; F1?. 17 is a horizontal section on the line 17 of Flg.

l; Fig. 1H a vertical sectionon the line 18 oit' Fig. 1; Fig. 1t) is a vertical section on the line 1t) oit Fig. 18; Fig. 2() is a horizontal section on the line 2t) ot Fig. 18; Fig. '2l is :1 perspective view ot' the adjusting pin shown in Figs. 18 and 20; Fig. is a perspective view ollhe lower end ot' the valvesleeve and Fig. is a perspective view ol the clip which cooperates therewith.

Referring to the drawings, l is a cylinder whieh is shown as one cylinder of a douhleacting tandem engine. being divided hy its piston '2 into eiqilosion spaces. The present invention is independent o'l the particular arrangeuient or numher ot' cylinders and l`or this reason it has not heen deemednecessary to illustratie the complete engine nor more than one end ot one o'l the cylinders iu detail. vlt will he understood. oli oom-se, that in a double-acting tandenrgas-engine there are Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept.. 2, 1913.

serial 110.607.258.

`tour explosion spaces, two `for each cylinder, and that the valve-meelnmism at the opposite ends ot` eaeh cylinder are symmetrically arranged. lhe drawings illustrate the headond ot that cylinder which ishnearest to the crank in the tandem engine. 'The cylinder is mounted upon a hollow hase which has at its two ends` and on the one side, gas-eham hers 3, and in its center an air-(chamber t. rl`he partition walls of the hollow base are cut away, as is the bottom thereof, to receive at each end a cylindrical valve-cage 5, the cylinder being provided at its hottom with a port t' in line therewith. Thehase is provided with an exhaust opening 7 separated `from the remainder of the hase by suitahle partitions, said opening rommunicating, through a series of radial exhaust ports 8 in the valve-cage with the interior thereof. 'lhe ai1-clmlnher eonlmunicates with the interior ot the valve-cage at a lower point through air-ports t) and the gaschamher in the hase comnlunieates therewith through gas-ports 1t.) on the same plane as the openings 5).-

l1 is a puppet-valve which seats on the top of the valve-cage. It is secured to a stem .l2 which extends downward entiretyr through the valve-cage and out ot the hase of the engine, heing connected with other parts whioh will he hereafter deserihed.

1? is an annular exhaust valve which tightly tits the interior ot the valve-cage and is providtal with a peripheral groove adapted to register with the exhaust opening 8 to open communication therewith as will pres-- cntly he set forth. The lower 'fare ot' the -pumiet-valve l1 is provided with an annular groove tt immediately ahove the edge ot the annidar-exhaust valve 13 into which groove the upper edge ot' said exhaust valve is adapted to tit.\\ 'lhe exhaust valve is attached to exhaustvvalve rods lo which ex tend downward trom the valve-rage and are adapted to he operated h v other parts, presentlv to he described-` 'lor producing proper vertical movements oll the exhaust valve.

It is an intake valve closing the air and gas-ports and heing` in the l'orm ot a ringl secured to a \'al\ .-sleeve 1T concentric with the puppet-valve stem l2.

llaving thus descrihcd the lorm ofthe valves. their ports and the stems hy which they are immediately operated. il is believed that the description ot tlnydeviccs which perform the movements ol' these parts can I parts. Fig. 7 shows the position which the parts occupy during the 4Working stroke. The puppet-valve is seated, `the exhaust valvecloses the exhaust port completely exhaust valve obviously raises the puppet.

and the intake valve covers the air and gasports. 200- before the end' of the Working stroke the exhaust valve vhas moved up enough to reach the position shown in Fig. The continued upward movement of the the parts taking the position shown in Fig.

5,' whichgis occupied during` the exhaust stroke. Toward the end of the exhaust stroke the exhaust 'valve begins 'to fall but in the meantime other devices operate on the puppet-valve stein and tend to hold the puppet up and simultaneously the sleeve to 'which the intake valve is attachedv is elevated so that the air and gas-ports are opened. (Fig. G) the air and gas passing up through the interior of the valve-cage.y through the center of the exhaust valve and into the cylinder in an obvious manner. This is the position which the parts occupy during the intake stroke, but when the cutoil point arrives the puppet and the sleeve are relieved from their elevating mechanism, suddenly drawn down. the parts then assuming their normal positions, shown in Fig. 7, which they maintain duringy the remainder of the intake stroke, the compression stroke and Inost of the Working stroke until the exhaust valve is again opened.

1S is a counter-shaft, driven in the usual manner at halt the speed of the crank-shatt;

llt carries an eccentric 19 which.) through the medium o an eccentric rod 2O7` osoillates a cani 21 pivoted upon a shaft 22 extending longitudinally oi' the engine beneath the valve-cage and to one side of the center thereof. The form of the cam 2l tvill be best understood by reference to Figs. l, 8, and 9,'111 which it is shown respectively, in

'has also, on the opposite side of its pivot .from the. counter-shaft, a projection 253. the

zapper' face of which carries a steel plate 24.-

Innnediateiy above the cam 2l and restil'igj-thereon is a rocker 25 piv/cted upon a shaft 26, parallel to the shalt;v 22, and on the opposite side of a valve-stein theret'rein. rhis rocker 25 is also biturca'ted to straddle illustrate it in top plan andfin section.l lt

has ro'ect'ino' on the ouoosite side of?, its

5 n i L shaft from the pivot of the Cain 2l teat '2i having a notch 28 adapted to beengraged by inechanisn'i hereafter to be described for cutting out a cylinder by holding an eX- valve open. The exhaust valvestems l5 .pass down through suitable gui-des and are provided at their lower' endsvvith shoes 29, which ailord theirefor pivotal bearings in sockets provided for the purpose near. the free end or" thev rocker 25. The construction thereof` is obviouslysuch that the rotationof the counter shaft will produce periodical elevations of the exhaust valve.. in Fig. l, the exhaust valve,has just reached a line and line position in its closing movement,A the counterv shaft turning in acloc'kivise direction. Further movements in the same ydirection l'ovvers'the toe ot'the cani 21 and permits the exhaust valve to reach its lowest position (Fig. 7 During that part of' a revolution When the eccentric rod is still farther to the right than vin Fig. l9 the -toe of the cam 21 would be -further elevated and the exhaust valve Will evidently be open (Fig. rlhis completes the description of the exhaust valve operation except for the mechanism for holding it permanently open to cut out a cylinder. rlhis is accomplished through the inediuni oi a linger 30, which can be swung 'to the leiJ to engage the teat of the rocker -nieclianisin will presently be described in connection nisn'i.

Journaled upon the shaft 22 is a yoke 31' (Fi l and 8). This yoke is provided with a barrel 32 and tivo ears 33 which surround the shaft 22. Journaled in the barrel of the yoke is a cnt-onn shaft 34 which has at its two ends upwardly projecting fingers 35 and 35a, and has `secured to its center a hook 8i; which is adapted to engage the steelplate 24- and carried by the projection of the cani 2l. A spring 37 sui-rounds the eut-oft' shaft and tends to rotate it clockwise. The yoke has projecting backward, (that is away from the valve-stern) a pair oli ears 38 supporting; a link 89 which extends downward and is pivotally attached to the tree end of a lever of the second order. This leverconwith the intake-valve mechasists of tv/joside-bars 4-0 pivoted at their a. cup l5 through xivhich passes the valvel stein l2. 'The cup 45 carries a lber or raw.- hide bushing 46 which engages with a conical collar i? tast on the valve-stein 12 `near Cil tio

its lower end. llelow the collar 4T, the valve-steni 12 is connected with a piston Ll-S which runs in a dash-pot It?? provided with intake plate and exhaust valves and 51V respectively, whose construction is shown in detail in Figs. 'l5 and 16. 'lhesc valves are set so that the valve-stem and puppet nccessai-ily rise against a'considerable suction but nevertheless enough air is ,let into the dashpot by the valve 50 to cushion the tall of the puppet slight Iy, the openingr olf the dashpot exhaust valve 5i bein;I adjusted as to cause the necessary cushioning to occur. The lever comprised ol" the two side-bars Lt() is connected by a link 353 to a gag-pot plunger 53 runnine in a gag-'pot .Vi-il at the hottorn of which 1s an adjustable exhaust valve y like that illustrated in Fig. l5. 'lhis dashpot has, adjacent to one side.` a cylindrical chamber 55 ha ving.;l a series ol spirally arranged perlorations 56 opening into the gag-pot and a longer pertoration 57 open to the atmosphere. An adjustingr rod 5S cut away on one side is rotatably secured in `the vertical chai'nber adjacent to the galgvpot and b v its rotation the pertorations 5G can be successively closed beginning;` at the bot tom. 'lhis construction is such that the gag-pot 'plunger will Ltall :lrcely to the level ot' the lowest perl'oratimi 5G which is uncovered and afterward its descent will be cushioned. By turnine'l` the rod 5S, the point at which the cushioning begins can be varied.

The constrintitm has now `been sutliciently described that the general modeot' operation can readily he `urnlerstood although certain parts still remain to be described. ln Fig. 1 the parts are just: at the end ot' the exhaust stroke and the commencement of the intake stroke. 'the exhaust valve has been open and is moving down, the puppet-valve is :lallinzgr and the intake valve has just begun to rise. For purposes ot convenience in descriifition, vl have designated three angular positions ot the eccentric represented by the letters A, P and C. The position A that which the eccentric occupies in Fig'. l. As the parts advance on the suction stroke, thc eccentric travelingr clockwise it'rom the position A, and permits the cam Q1 to descend so that tige/top of the exhaust valve becomes Hush with the top oitI thc valve-cage as shown in liig. G. In the meantime `the hook 3G on the yoke has engaged with the steel plate Q4 on the projection Q8 ole the cam 2l, so that the cloekwise movement oit'/ the cani as its toe descends raises the `vvoke 31V thus drawing up the lever which cdnsists of the two side-bars 40 and raising,T the,A intake valve to admit air and gas. The ristc ol the two side-hars 40 of the lever draws up the cupt through the medium et theilinks 44; until flic raw-hide gasket or bushing 1n said cup engages the collar t7 at the lower end of the valve-stern 1Q so as to raise the same. The movements are, so timed that the puppetvalve does not seat from the time the exhaust valve raises it because inst as the exhaust valve commences to descend, the cup dit commences to risc thus catching the puppetvalve in its descent and again elevating,r it.

While the eccentric is advancing from the point A to the point B (which is the latest point at which the cut oli' can occur)7 the intake is open, unless sooner etl'ected by' the 2governor operation hcrea't'ter to be described- Under all conditions the hook 3G will be disengaged troni the steel plate carried by the cam 21 aty points dependingr on the governor position and whenever the disengagement is ell'ected the yoke, the sidebars 4-0 'forming thel lever, the intake valve and the puppet will allA tall togethei.' making a sudden cutotl'. the final movement of said parts being cushioned in the manner already set forth. Frein the time theeecentric reaches the point l, the intake. puppet and exhaust valves will remain in their normal positions until the eccentric reaches the point C, at which time the toe o'l the cani Qt will ljiegin to rise to such an extent as to elevate the exhaust valv and puppet. The exhaust valve will be open until the point A is reached, which is that point illustrated in Fig. l. As already .sot t'orth the exhaust opens 20 before the end of the working stroke and it closes exactly at the end of the exhaust stroke. lIt is therefore open 200 of the crankshaft or l0()o of the c0untersha'ft, and the arc AHV r l is thusl 100C. The intake valve may be open the entire intake stroke or 1.80 degrees ot the crank-Shaft and 90o of the eoiuitcr-shal't and the are A-B is therefore DUO. 'lhe are l---stl represents 340(j of the crank-shaft1 that: is, lull turns less Q00, and it is theretore ot 170". lt will, of course, be understood that the operation of the governor, as it disengages the hook on the yoke from the l'nojection on the cam, will vary the point between A and B at which the cut oli' actually occurs, the point B being that point at which the intake stroke ceases and l at or be'tore which the cut otl must occur and the valve bc closed.

'lau-ning; now to `theanethod of governing, (3() is an arm pivoted to the shaft 2Q at one end thereol and carryingl a liber blockl ting-er 35 on the end ofthe cutoff-shaft 34 carried by the yoke 3Q. that as the yoke swings up (carried by the engagement ot the hook 3() with the steel plate on the cam) the finger 35 will engage the liber bloektl at varying points dependinfhT upon the position of'the arm (50. Ilie 'tai-ther the arm is'to the left as shown in Fig. 10 the earlier the engagement. When the finger engages the block it will obviously rotate the shaft 34 backward relative to the lt will loeevident (Fig. lo) which is adaiited to engage the .at y y 1,072,336

yoke and disengage' the hook 36 from the cam, permitting they cut-oliI to occur. The arm 60 is connected to the governor and, by arranging the lever connection to the governor the arm G() `an be made to shift in either direction as the engine speedsI up*` thus making the. cute-tf either earlier or later. One connnon method oit governing engines is simply to make the cut ott later as thc load increases and to make the cut oft earlier as the load decreases. Were. it desired to use the present construction in ccnnection with that method otgoverning, the governorwould be arranged to shift the arm (30 tothe. lett in Fig. l0 as the engine increased` in speed! l preter` however, to use another system ot governing which l have devised. The constant mixture cycle of governing which has i ust been mentioned is that most commonly used. .lt has the disadvantage that as the load gets very lighty the charge becomes .attenuated so that the compression becomes greatly reduced, the eliiciency decreases and the cushion necessary to overcome the inertia ot' the reciprocating parts in the engines of a high piston speed is destroyed. Another well-known system is the constant con'ipression .method in which the air-supply is maintained constant, and the tual content is decreased as vthe load gets lighter. This method provides a constant cushion for all loads, but with it the 'mixture frequently becomes so attenuated that it tails to explode. and not only allows unhurnt gases to pass into the exhaust but creates irregular impulses and a poor.

turning` moment. Mypresent system ot governing` accomplishes the desirable results ot both these systems without the disadvantages ot either.

(32 indicates a -rock-shatt operated by'- a governor o?) through a lever system ot' the ordinary sort connected in such a way that the shaft (39, turns counter clmfkwiseas the en me speeds up. The rock-'shaft (i2 is provit ed with a radial arin tf-l connected by a link with the arm (30 so that as the engine .speeds up the arm (O'is moved to the right, thus making the eut-oli' later. rl`he gas intake to the gas space 2l in the base of the engine is controlled by a buttertly valve (SG`r connected by a link (5T with a second radial,

arm (5S on the rock-shaft (3i. This connection is such that, as the shatt (llr'otates counter clockwise, the butterlly valve will be gradually closed. The parts are so adjusted that at the maxin'nun load and about cut oft the compression is as high as is commercial without prematuring. when the mixture gives the best combustion and the highest 'mean 'etective pressure. -Under these conditions there a certain density ot the and air molecules which can not be exceeded on account of the dangers ot a` premature explosion .caused by the heat oit higher compression. lt is well known that the weaker the mixture, the higher the compression may be Without premature explo- "s1ons and 1t ifs this tact of which I take adtent is decreased to such an extent as to pre-v vent a premature explosion and`yet not sox tast. as to, prevent proper ignition. As a result7 high eltieiency and lovv mean effective' pressure 1s obtained. If, for mst-ance, a nnX-.

ture giving the highest mean effective pressure at flcut oli' is used and the huttertiy valve is so arranged that at 100 per cent. cut oli' just enough gas will be admitted to run the engine at fuit-speed Without a load the cainsumption curve per brake horsepower will he much flatter .than in engines using any of the ordinary types of governing. Assuming, for instance, a il cut ott With a clearance which would, at that out oft, give a coinpression of 134- pounds absolute pressure, then with eut ott we will get a compression of i90 pounds absolute; and with 10() per cent. cut off a con'ipression of Q34 pounds. Now, assuming'that-it is desired to maintain the same density of the gas-content at the time of explosions, and this is an important factor in determining Whether or not there 'will be pre-ignition, we lind the requirements to 'be as tolltnvs:-lf, at out ott 1B-1- pounds absolute connln'ession and Qltlo Fahrenheit temperature, a cubic footof mixtureA contains 43 British thermal units, then at Z- cut oli'` other conditions being the same. only 3T British thermal units per cubic foot would be required to get the same density of fuel content when compressed, and at 100 per cent. cut ott only 32 British thermal units would be required to get the same density of compression. The fuel content could therefore be (ilecreased in accordance with these ratios withoungetting pre-ignition. lt could eve'.r

-be decreased faster because under greater compression a. still weaker mixture will burn on account of the extra heat of thehigher compression. The gas .may thus be diminished in a mor rapid ratio than `the conipression rises a d still get a burnable mixture at all loads and speeds. lt will be obvious that this system ot governing with its higher conmression and its perfectly regular vexplosions is superior to either 1of these heretofore mentioned.

Then it is desired to out out a single cylinder for the purpose ot changing sparkplugs orA for other purposes, the mechanism illustrated more particularly in Fig. 13 is mad-e use of. On the opposite' end ot the shatt 22 trom the arm G0 is pivoted another arm 7'() carrying a liber block 7l in position to be engaged by the finger-35, which. like the. finger 35 is attached to the out ott shaft 34. 'The -arm 70 is connected to a link 72' attached to the end ot` an arm Til which is operable by a handdcver 7-l provided with a notch 75 adapted to engage a bracket 7U. ln its normal position the arm T is hcld back.

the notch T engaging' with a bracket To.

fi/'hen it is desired tocut out a cylinder the artn is permitted to move to the lett. as viewed in Fig. 13, with thc result that thc finger 35 engaged therewith so early as not to open the intake valve at all. The link T2 engages the cut cut linger 30 so that when the link moves to the lett, it lets the cut out tinger engage with the teat 2'( of the rocker 25 Vthus holding the exhaust valve permanently'open so that. no compression takes place in t-he cylinder. It is obvious that retraction of the hand-lever 'it will restore other parts to their operativeposition,

.I realize that considerable variation is possible in the details of the construction, without departing from the spirit ot' my invention; therefore I do notintend to limit myself to the specific form herein shown and described. i

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isw

l. In a gas-engine, a cylinder, a piston movable thei'ein, an intake-valve, a rocking member, means for oscillating said rocking member regularly once for each two reciprocations of the piston, intakevalve operating means, releasable connections between the intake-valve operating means and the rocking member whereby Vthe oscillations of the rocking member will operate the intake-valve, means for releasing said connections, and means for returning the intake-valve to closed position upon release of the connections, an exhaust-valve, con nections between the Same and the rocking 4member whereby the oscillations ot' the rocking member will operate the exhaustvalve.v

2. In a. gas-engine, a cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake-valve, a rocking n'teinber, means for oscillating said rocking member regularly once for each two reciprccations o't' the piston, intake-valve operating means, releasable connections between the intake-valve operating means and the rocking member whereby the oscillations ot' the rocking member will operate the intake-valve, means tor disengaging said connecticns, a dash-pot and a piston therein and connectimis between the piston and the intake-`valve for closing the saine upon ref lease of the connections, an exhaust-'valve and connections between the same and the rocking member whereby the oscillations ot' the rocking member will operate the ex haiistvalve4 In a gas-cngine a cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake and an exhausti vave, a rocking member, meansfor oscillating said rocking member regularly once Vfor cach two recipriarations oll the piston. intake-valve operating nic-aus, relcasablc connections between tite intake-Valve operat ing` means and the rocking member whereby the oscillations oli the rock ingl member will operate thc intake-alte, means l'or discngaging said connections, means l'or returning the intake-valve to closed position upon release ot' the corr ncctions, and a puppetwalve covering both the intake and `exhaust-valves and adapted to bc open while each of said Valves is open.

et. In a gas-engine a eylinder,a piston movable therein, an intake and an exhaustvalve, a rocking member, means for oscillating said rocking member once for each two reciprocations of the piston, intakevalve operating means, releasable connections bctwecn the intake-valve operating means and the rocking member whereby the oscillations ol the rocking member will operate the intake-valve, means for disengaging said connections, a dash-pot and a piston therein` connections between the piston and the intakewalve for closing the same upon release o'l the connetstions, and a puppct-valve covering both the intake and exhaust-valves and adapted to be open while cach ot said Valves is open.

In a gas-engine a'cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake-valve, a rocking member, means for oscillating said rocking member regularly once tor each two reciprocations ot' the` piston, intake-valve operating means, releasable connections between the intake-valve operating means and the rocking member whereby the oscillations of the rockingr member will operate the intakevalve, means Jfor disengaging said connections, means for returning the intake-valve to closed position. upon release of the connections, an exlmiist-valve, connections between the same and the rocking member whereby the oscillations of the rocking mem ber will operate the exhaust-valve, and a puppet-valve covering both the intake and exhaust-valves and adapted to be open while each of said valves is open.

t5. ln a gas-engine a cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake-valve, a rocking member, means lor oscillating said rocking member once `for each two reciprocations of the piston, intake-valve operating means, releasable connections between the intakevalve operating means and the rocking meniber whereby the oscillations of the rocking member will operate the intake-valve, means for disengaging said connections, a dash-pot anda piston therein, connections between the piston and the intake-valve for closing tite same upon release ot the connections,

an exhaust-valve and connections between the same and the rocking member whereby the oscillations of the rocking member will operate the exhaust-valve, and a puppet.-

upon release of the connections, a puppetvalve covering both the intake and exhaustvalves and arranged to be engaged opened by the exhaust-valve, means operated by the intake-valve operating means for holding the puppet openv during opening of the intake-valve and means for closing the puppet when the connections are released.

S. ln a gas-engine, a cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake and an exhaustvalve, a rocking member, means for oscillating said rocking member once r each two reciprocations of the piston, intake-valve operating means, releasable connections between tne intake-valve operating means and the rocking member whereby the oscillation of the rocking member will operate the intake-valve, means i'or disei'igaging said connections, a dash-pot and piston therein, connections between the pistonuand the intake-valve for closing' the same upon release of the connections, a puppet-valve covering both the intake and' exhaust-valves and arranged to be engaged andopcned by the exhaust-valve, means operated by the intake-valve operating means for holding the puppet open during the opening or the vintake-valve, and means for closing the puppet when the connections are released.

9. In a gas-engine a cylinder, a piston movable therein, an intake-valve, a rocking member, means for oscillating said' rocking member regularly once for each .two reciprocations o thepi ton, an .intake-valve, intake-valve operating means, reise-sable con- Y nections between vthe intake-valve" operating means and tbe-rocking member whereby the oscillations of the rocking member will opcrate the intake-valve, means Afor disengaging said connections, means igor returning the intake-valve to closed position upon relcaseof the connections, an exhaust-valve, connections between the same and the rocking member whereby the oscillations ci the lrocking .member will [operate the exhaustvalve, a puppet-valve covering both the intake Y and the exliaust-val'ves ,and arranged to be engaged and vopened by e'rliaustaoraeee valve, means operated by Vthe intake-valve operating means for holding the puppet open during the opening of the intake-valve and means for closing the puppet when the connections are released.

l0. ln a gas-engine a cylinder, aA piston movable therein, an intake-valve, a rocking member, means for oscillatingv said rocking member once for each two reciprocatlons or y tween the same and the rocking member 1 whereby `the oscillations of the rocking member will operate the exhaust-valve, a pup-. pet-valve covering both the intake and the exhaust-valve and arranged to be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve, means operated by .the intake-valve operating means for holding the puppetv opten' during the opening of the intake-valve yandmeans for closing the puppet when the connections are released. l

1l. ln combination a cylinder and a pis-v ton therein', a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports entering the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intakevalves normally covering said ports and independently movable to uncover the same and meanseor sncoessively operating said valves.

12. ln combination a cylinder and a pistonftherein, a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports entering the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intakevalves normally coveringsaid ports and independentlyA movable to uncover the same and means for successively operating said valves, and a puppet closing the valve-cage and adapted to 'be opened during the opening of each of said valves.

13. ln combination a cylinder and a piston therein, a valve-cage opening: into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports entering the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intake- Vvalves normally covering said'ponts .and in dependently movable toenncoverthe same and means for successively operating said valves, and a puppet closing the valve-cage and adapted to be lifted by the exhaustvalve in its movement.

14. :in combination a cylinder and a piston therein, a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-portsentering the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intakevalves normally coveringv said 'ports and independently movable to uncover the same, means for successively operatlng sald valves,

a puppet closing the valve-cage and adapted to be lifted by the exhaust-valve in its movement, and mechanism for holding the puppet open while the intake-valve is open.

. annular intake-valve normally coveringr the intake-port and 4movable independently of the exhaust-valve, and means for successively operating said valves.

16. In combination a cylinder' and a piston therein, a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports entering thev valve-cage, an annular exhaust-valve having a peripheral groove normally closing said exhaust-port and arranged when raised above the level of the valve-cage to open lcommunication through said groove from said exhaust-port to the cylinder, an annular intake-valve normally *covering the intake-port and movable independently of the exhaust-valve, and means for successively operating lsaid valves, and a puppet closing,- the valvehcage and adapted to be opened during the opening ot' each ot' said valves.

17. In combination a cylinder' and a pis ton therein, a valve-cage openinginto the cylinder, exhaust and intakeports entering the valve-cage, an annular exhaust-valvc having a peripheral groove normally clos ing' said exhaust-port and arranged when 'raised above 'the level of the valvefcage to open communication through said groove from' said exhaust-port to thecylinder, an annular intake-valve normally covering the intale-port and movable independently of the exhaust-valve and means :for successively operatinv said valves, and a puppet closing the va vecage and adapted to be lifted by the exhaust-valve in its movement.

18. in combination -a cylinder and a pis4 ton therein, a valve-cage opening.,lr into the cylinder, exhaust and intakoports enteringr the valve-eage, an annlar intake-valve normally covering the intake-.port and movable independently of the exhal1stvalve, means for successively operating! said valves, a puppet closing the valve-cage and adapted to be lifted by the exhaust valve in its movement` and mechanism for holding the puppet open while the intake-valve is open.

1t). 11n combination a cylinder and a pisten movable therein, an exhaust-valve, an intake-valve, a toe-cam, means for rocking thel toe-cam, operating mechanism between the toe-cam -and theexhaust-valve, intake-- valve operating means, a releasable 'conoces tion between the intahevalve operatingr means and the tcc-cam, moans l'ir releasing said com Artion and incans t'or closing the intake-valve upon the release ot' said connection.

20. ln combination a cylinder and a piston movable therein, an cxhaustfvalve, an intake-valve, a toe-cam, means t'or rocking,r the toe-cam. operating connections between the toe-cam and the exhaust-valve, intakevalvdoperating means,` a l'elcasable conneetion between the intakevalvc operatingr means and the toe-cam, means t'or releasing* said connection. means for closing the intal c\'al\'e upon the release olE said connection and a puppet inclosing' both of said valves and adapted to be open while cach iS open.

31. lin combination a cylinder and a piston movable tlnn'cin, an exhaust-valve, an intake-valve. a toc-cam, nuans for rocking the toe-cam, operating connections between the toer-am and the exliaiist-\'al\'e, intakevalve operating means, a releasablc connection between the intal evalvc operating means and the toca-ani, means, tor releasing said connection, means fori closing' the intake-valve upon the release ot' Said connection, and a puppet-valve covering both the intake and e.\'lniust-v'aIves and arranged to be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve, means operated by the intake-valve operating means for holding` the puppet open during the opening ot' the intake-*valve and means tor closing the puppet' when the connections are released.

Q2. .ln cbmbination, a cylinder and a piston movalle therein, an exhaust-valve, an intake-valve, a toe-cam, means for rockingr the toe-cam, operating connections between the tee-cam and the exhaust-valve, a piroted member, a hook carried thereby 4and adapted to engage the tocscam, governor operated means 'lor releasing,r the hook, con ncctions between the pivoted member and the intakewalvc and means t'or closing the intake-valve upon the release o't the hook.

23. In combination a'cylind and a piston therein, a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, intake and iYhaust-ports entering `the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intakevalves normally coveringr said ports and independently movable to uncover the same,

a toe'eain and nieans tor rocking' the saine, connections between tbc toe-cani and the exliaust-valve, a pivoted member, connections between the same and the intake-valve, a hooi( carried b v the pivot'ed member and adapted to engage the toe-vani, and means for closing; thc int a lie-valve when .said hook is released. and governor operated means for ctl'cct ing;` the release of said hook.

2l. ln combination a cylinder and a piston movable therein, a valve-cage opening into the cylinder, intake and exlnn1stvalve ports entering the valve-cage, annular .intake and exhaust valves independently mov- -able in the valve-cage, a toe-cam, means for rocking the toe-cam, means for connection between the toe-cam and the exhaust-valve, a pivoted member, connections between the i pivoted member and the intake-valve, a hook carried by said pivoted member and adapted to .engage the toe-cam, governor operated means for disengaging the hook from the toe-cam, a 4puppet-valve covering the valvecage and adapted to be engaged by the exhaust-valve and opened thereby, means movable with the intake-valve for engaging the puppet-,to hold the same open, a dash-pot' thel valve-cage and arranged to be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve, means for closing the puppet-valve when released, intake-valve-operating means, a releasable connection between the toe-cam and the intakevalve operating means, means for releasing said connection to permit the intake-valve to be closed, and means otl engagement between the intake-valve and the puppet-valve operating to limit the upward movement of the intake-valve relative to the puppet whereby upward movement of the intakevalve raises the puppet and the :tall of the puppet closes the intake-valve but whereby also the puppet mayrise without the intakevalve. A

26. In combination a cylinder and a piston movable therein, a cylindrical valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports in the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intake-valves independently movable in the valve-cage to .cover and uncover said ports, a toe-cam and means for rocking the same, connections between the toecam and the exhaust-valve, a puppet-valve closing the valve-cage and arranged to be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve, a dashpot, a piston therein connected .tothe puppet to' close the same, intake-valve operating' means, a releasablepconnection between the toe-cam and the intake-valve operating means, -means for' releasing said connection to permit the intake-valve tov be' closed, and means of. engagement between the intakevalve and the puppet valve operating to limit the upward movement of the intakevalve relative to lthe puppet wherebjj'rup-v novasee 27. ln combination a cylinderand a piston movable therein, a cylindrical valve-cage opening in tou the cylinder, exhaust and intakeports in the valve-cage, annular exhaustv and intake-valves independently movableani" the valve-cage to cover and uncover said.

ports,`a toe-cam and means for rocking the same, connections between the toe-cam and the exhaust-valve, a puppet-valve closing the valve-cage and arranged to'be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve, means tor clos-- 3@ ing the puppet-valve when released, intakevalve operating means, a pivoted yoke connected to the intake-valve to raise the same, a hook carried by the yoke and adapted to eneage the toe-cam a overnonmeans movg5 able by the governor for releasing the hook, and means of engagement between the intake-valve and the puppet-valve operating to limitthe 'upward movement of the intakevalve raises the puppet and the fall of, the Apuppet closes the intake-valve but whereby alsothe puppet may rise without the intakevalve.

28. ln combination a cylinder and a piston movable therein, a cylindrical valve-cage opening into the cylinder, exhaust and intake-ports in the valve-Cage,` annular exhaustand intake-valves independently movable in the valve-cage to cover and uncover said ports, a toe-cam and means for rocking 10o the same, connections between the 'toe-cani and the exhaust-valve, a puppet-valve closing the valvecage and arranged to be engaged and opened by the exhaust-valve,

means for closing the puppet-valve when released, intake-valve operating means, a releasable connection between the toe-camand the intake-valve operating means, means for releasing said connection to permit the intake-valve to be closed, means of engaggge- 110 ment between theintake-valve and the' puppet-valve operating to limit' the upward movement of the intake-valve relative'to the puppet whereby upward movemento ihe intake-valve raises the puppet and plie fall of the puppet lcloses the intake-va ve but whereby also .the puppet may rise sfvithout the intake-valve, and means for cu iioning tbefall of the intake-valve. I

29. 'ln combination a cylinder and a pis- 120 y ton lmovable therein, a cylindrical' valve-l cage opening intot-he cylinder,v exhaust andl intake-ports inthe valve-cage, annular ex-xy haust and intake-valves independently movable in the valve-cage to cover andfuncover said ports, a toe-cam and lmeansfor rocking' the same, connections between' the toe-cam and the exhaust-valve, puppet-valve .closing the valve-cage and arranged to be engagedv and opened "by the exhaust-valve, a .130

dash-pot, a piston therein connected to thepuppet to close the same, intake-valve operating means, a releasable connection between the toe-caml and the intake-valve operating means, means for releasing said connection to permit the intake-valve to be closed, means of engagement between the intakevalve andthe puppet-valve Lperating to limit the upward movement of the intakevalve relative to the puppet whereby upward movement of the intake-valve raises the puppet and the fall of the puppet closes the intake-valve but whereby also the puppet may rise without the intake-valve, and means for cushioning the fall of the intakevalve.

30. In combination a cylinder and a piston movable therein, a cylindrical valvecage opening into the cylinder, exhaust'and intake-ports in the valve-cage, annular exhaust and intake-valves independently movable in t-he valve-cage to cover and uncover said ports, a toe-cam and means for rocking the same. connections between the toe-cam ano the exhaust-valve, a puppet-valve closing the valve-cage and arranged to be engaged and opened by t-he exhaust-valve, means for, closing` the puppet-valve when released, intake-valve operatin means, a pivoted yoke connected to the lntake-valve to raise the same, a hookl carriedby the yokeand adapted to engage the toe-cam, a governor, means movable by the. governor for releasing the hook, means of engagement between the intake-valve and the puppetvalve operating to limit the upward movement of the intake-valve relative to the puppet whereby upward movement of the intakevalve raises ,the puppet and the fall of the puppet closes the intake-valve but whereby also the puppet may rise without the intakevalve, and means for cushioning the fall of the intake-valve. i-

31.1In a gas-engine a cylinder and a piston movable therein, means for supplying a gaseous mixture tothe cylinder, means 'For gradually increasing the quantity of mixtureJ and for gradually decreasing the gaseous content of the mixture as the speed of the engine increases,` v

32. In a gas-'enginea cylinder and a piston movable therein, an intake-valve, means for supplying a gaseous mixture` to the intake-valve, means for varying the time of closing the intake-valve, and means for gradually delaying the time of closing the intake-valve and`for radually decreasing the gaseous content o? the mixture as the speed of the engine increases.

33. In combination a cylinder having intake and exhaust-ports and a piston movable therein, a governor, a device for gradually varying the proportion of the mixture drawn into the engine,a device :for gradually varying the quantity of mixture drawn into the engine, means connectin said devices with the governor to actuate t e same thereby, so as to decrease the gaseous content of the mixture and` increase the quantity of the mixture as the speed of4 the engine increases.

34. In combination a cylinder having intake and exhaust-ports and av piston movable therein, a varyin 'the proportions ofthe mixture drawn into the engine, a device for gradually varying the-point of closing of the intakevalve, means connecting said devices with the governo'r to actuate the same thereby, soas to gradually ydecrease the. gaseous content of the mixture and cause a later and later closing'o't' .the intake-valve as the speed oit' the engine increases.

CHARLES E. SARGENT. In the presence of A. N. THORIEN, R. A. RAYMOND.

governor,a device for gradually y 

